Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is a common RNA viral infection in honey bees and wasps. It is linked to colony collapse disorder (CCD), resulting in the loss of bee…

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a global disease that affects honey bees at all stages of development. Transmitted by varroa mites, this infection may result in developing bees having smaller…

Small hive beetles have spread through many beekeeping countries, including the United States, Canada, Italy, and Australia. Although honey bees can fight off these pests in small numbers, all hives…

Tropilaelaps mites are parasitic arachnids that feed on worker and drone brood blood. They are native to Asia and naturally parasitize Asian bee species like Apis cerana and Apis dorsata….

Nosemosis, commonly called Nosema disease, is triggered by two fungi: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. It affects the bee’s digestive system and can cause severe colony losses in spring and…

Black queen cell virus (BQCV) is a disease that kills queen bee larvae or prepupae. Caused by the virus Cripavirus genus, it turns the developing bee yellow and eventually brownish-black….

Sacbrood is a viral infection that affects the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) and the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana). Caused by the sacbrood virus (SBV), this bee brood disease…

Stonebrood is a rare, short-lived fungal disease affecting adult honey bees and their larvae. The fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus infect larvae, causing them to mummify before hatching. Bee…

The tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) is a microscopic parasite that infests honey bee colonies. It targets the tracheae or breathing tubes of the bee to develop, feed, and reproduce. Infestations…