Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) occurs when most worker honey bees abruptly disappear from their hive. After the collapse, little or no dead bees remain near the entrance. The developing bee…

The Kakugo virus is a subtype of the Deformed wing virus, typically affecting the worker bee’s brain. It causes aggressive behavior in honey bees, as you’d expect from guard bees….

Cloudy wing virus (CWV) is an unclassified viral infection that affects honey bees (Apis mellifera). This little-studied disease produces unproductive bees that typically die within a few days of contraction….

Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) is a highly infectious viral disease that affects adult honey bees (Apis mellifera). Sick bees experience chronic paralysis towards the end of the infection and…

Kashmir bee virus (KBV) is a disease that impacts honey bees at all stages of development. While healthy hives often keep this infection under control, it has a greater impact…

Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is a common RNA viral infection in honey bees and wasps. It is linked to colony collapse disorder (CCD), resulting in the loss of bee…

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a global disease that affects honey bees at all stages of development. Transmitted by varroa mites, this infection may result in developing bees having smaller…

Small hive beetles have spread through many beekeeping countries, including the United States, Canada, Italy, and Australia. Although honey bees can fight off these pests in small numbers, all hives…

Tropilaelaps mites are parasitic arachnids that feed on worker and drone brood blood. They are native to Asia and naturally parasitize Asian bee species like Apis cerana and Apis dorsata….

Nosemosis, commonly called Nosema disease, is triggered by two fungi: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. It affects the bee’s digestive system and can cause severe colony losses in spring and…