When Paenibacillus bacteria find their way into your hive it can have devastating effects on the colony. An understanding of what causes American foulbrood and how the spores are transferred…

American foulbrood is a highly infectious brood disease caused by Paenibacillus larva , a spore-forming bacterium. Its spores live on hives and beekeeping equipment for decades, reinfecting new colonies as…

The honey bee population is under threat from pests, predators, and also humans. It’s fair to say that their numbers are in decline. But should we add earthquakes to the…